Computed here
Sun, Moon, planets, twilight and the Milky Way come from published astronomical algorithms (Meeus; JPL Keplerian elements), checked against the US Naval Observatory to within two minutes on rise, set and transit.
Fetched
Weather and pressure-level fields from Open-Meteo. Planetary K index from NOAA SWPC. Both answered.
Modelled, with error bars
Light pollution is modelled from population, not satellite radiance. Leave-one-out cross-validated against published sky-quality readings: RMSE 0.49 mag/arcsec² out of sample, 0.31 rural, 0.69 urban, worst case 1.2. It reads about one Bortle class too dark near mid-size cities. Sky brightness under moonlight follows Krisciunas & Schaefer (1991). Seeing is a proxy from upper-level wind, not a measurement.